rdcjournalRoyal Dental College JournalE-Volume 8 Issue 1MultidisciplinaryEnglishJanuary- DecemberNNY20251130Periodontology Salivary and Serum Inflammatory Biomarkers During Periodontitis Progression and After TreatmentEnglishY7679Harish KumarVV1EnglishNSaumiyaGopal2EnglishYAnishVarkey3EnglishYAnjaliK4EnglishY10.67091/JRDC.2025.8118Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting structures, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. It represents a major public health concern due to its high prevalence and its role as a leading cause of tooth loss in adults. The disease is initiated by a dysbiotic microbial biofilm but is primarily driven by an exaggerated and dysregulated host immune-inflammatory response. In recent years, considerable research interest has been directed towards the identification of biological markers that can reflect disease activity, progression, and response to therapy. Among the various biological fluids, saliva and serum have emerged as promising diagnostic media due to their ability to reflect local and systemic inflammatory processes, respectively. This review of literature elaborates on the pathophysiology of periodontitis, the role of inflammatory mediators, and the current evidence supporting the use of salivary and serum biomarkers in predicting disease progression and monitoring therapeutic outcomes.EnglishAlveolar bone resorption; Cytokines; Inflammatory mediators; Salivary biomarkers; Serum biomarkershttps://www.rdcjournal.org/abstract?id=313References16191. Eke PI, Dye BA, Wei L, Thornton-Evans GO, Genco RJ. CDC Periodontal disease surveillance workgroup: James beck (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA). Gordon Douglass (Past President, American Academy of Periodontology), Roy Page (University of Washin. Prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: 2009 and 2010. J Dent Res. 2012 Oct;91(10):914-20. doi: 10.1177/002203451245737. 2.Meyle J, Chapple I. Molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Periodontology 2000. 2015 Oct;69(1):7-17. doi: 10.1111/prd.12104. 3.Kornman KS. Contemporary approaches for identifying individual risk for periodontitis. Periodontology 2000. 2018 Oct;78(1):12-29. doi: 10.1111/prd.12234. 4.Teles FRF, Chandrasekaran G, Martin L, Patel M, Kallan MJ, Furquim C et al. Salivary and serum inflammatory biomarkers during periodontitis progression and after treatment. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2024 Dec;51(12):1619-31. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.14048. 5.Hajishengallis G. The inflammophilic character of the periodontitis-associated microbiota. Molecular Oral Microbiology. 2014 Dec;29(6):248-57.doi: 10.1111/omi.12065. 6.Hajishengallis G, Lamont RJ. Beyond the red complex and into more complexity: the polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis (PSD) model of periodontal disease etiology. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2012 Dec;27(6):409-19. doi: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2012.00663.x. 7.Gupta M, Chaturvedi R, Jain A. Role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) as an immune-diagnostic biomarker in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontal disease. Cytokine. 2013 Mar;61(3):892-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.12.012. 8.Ebersole JL, Schuster JL, Stevens J, Dawson 3rd, Kryscio RJ, Lin Y et al. Patterns of salivary analytes provide diagnostic capacity for distinguishing chronic adult periodontitis from health. Journal of Clinical Immunology. 2013 Jan;33(1):271-9. doi:10.1007/s10875-012-9771-3. 9.Shi F, Liu W, Yao Y, Zhang Q, Chen Z, Xian Y et al. Predictive salivary biomarkers for early diagnosis of periodontal diseasesand;ndash;current and future developments. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry. 2023;48(4):335-44.doi: 10.1515/tjb-2022-0153. 10.Nakayama Y, Tabe S, Yamaguchi A, Tsuruya Y, Kobayashi R, Oyama K et al. Identification of nutritional factors to evaluate periodontal clinical parameters in patients with systemic diseases. Nutrients. 2023 Jan 11;15(2):365. doi: 10.3390/nu15020365. 11.Kinney JS, Morelli T, Braun T, Ramseier CA, Herr AE, Sugai JV et al. Saliva/pathogen biomarker signatures and periodontal disease progression. Journal of Dental Research. 2011 Jun;90(6):752-8. doi: 10.1177/0022034511399908.12. Lin Z, Rios HF, Cochran DL. Emerging regenerative approaches for periodontal reconstruction: a systematic review from the AAP Regeneration Workshop. Journal of Periodontology. 2015 Feb;86:S134-52. doi: 10.1902/jop.2015.130689. 13.Nagarajan R, Miller CS, Dawson D III, Ebersole JL. Biologic modelling of periodontal disease progression. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2019 Feb;46(2):160-9. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13064. 14. Zekeridou A, Giannopoulou C, Cancela J, Courvoisier D, Mombelli A. Effect of initial periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid cytokine profile in subjects with chronic periodontitis. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. 2017 Apr;3(2):62-8. doi: 10.1002/cre2.61.